Dog Gear, Sized Right
Best Chew Toys for a Great Dane (XL & XXL for a Giant)
A Great Dane has one of the biggest mouths of any breed — so a “normal” or even most “large-dog” toys are a genuine choking and swallowing hazard for a giant. The best chew toys for a Great Dane are the genuinely tough ones in the largest XL/XXL sizes: pliable rubber and dense nylon a giant can’t fit behind the back molars. Here are the four we trust, plus the sizing, safety, material and guarantee details that actually matter for a gentle giant.
The Great Dane is unusual to shop for: it’s a true giant — males run roughly 140–175 lb and stand 30–34″ at the shoulder — with one of the biggest mouths of any breed, yet many Danes are surprisingly gentle chewers for their size. That combination is exactly what makes toys tricky. The danger here usually isn’t a dog that bites with freak force; it’s a dog whose enormous mouth can swallow a normal toy whole or wedge it behind the back molars. So the best chew toys for a Great Dane are the genuinely tough ones bought in the largest XL/XXL sizes: the hardest-wearing natural rubber and longest-lasting nylon chews, big enough that even a giant can’t swallow them. Below we rank the four we trust, then give you the honest context the listicles skip: why sizing is the whole game for a giant, the choke and swallow test, a clear rubber-vs-nylon guide, the guarantees worth paying for, and the safety rules that keep a big toy from becoming a big vet bill. One thing up front: no toy is truly indestructible — anything that says so on the box is selling you marketing. What you want is near-indestructible, sized for a giant, and a habit of inspecting and replacing it.
The 4 best chew toys for a Great Dane, ranked
Each pick is chosen in the largest XL/XXL size for a giant mouth and verified in stock. Prices are last-checked — tap through for the live price. Rubber for play and enrichment, nylon for hard gnawing — and always size up for a Great Dane.
West Paw Zogoflex Hurley (Large)
If a Great Dane owner could buy one toy, it’s the Zogoflex Hurley in the Large (8.25″) — West Paw’s biggest size, and the smallest we’d hand a giant. It’s moulded from West Paw’s pliable-yet-tough Zogoflex rubber, so it survives a Dane’s chewing by flexing instead of cracking — gentler on the teeth than hard nylon, which matters for a gentle giant you want chewing comfortably. It bounces erratically and floats, so it doubles as a fetch toy for a leggy dog that needs low-impact exercise. It’s dishwasher-safe and backed by West Paw’s one-time replace-or-refund “Love It” guarantee. One honest caveat for a Great Dane: even the Large can sit on the small side for the very biggest mouths — supervise, and if your Dane can fit it behind the back molars, size up to the chunkier picks below.
What we like
- Pliable rubber flexes under a Dane’s bite instead of shattering — gentler on teeth than hard nylon
- Bounces erratically and floats, so it doubles as a low-impact fetch toy for a leggy giant
- Backed by West Paw’s one-time replace-or-refund “Love It” guarantee
- Non-toxic, BPA- and phthalate-free, made in the USA, and dishwasher-safe
The catches
- Buy the Large (the biggest Hurley) — and for the very largest Danes it can still sit on the small side, so supervise and check the back-molar fit
- Not a treat-stuffer — for enrichment pair it with the stuffable KONG Extreme XXL below
- A determined giant can still chip pieces off over time — inspect and replace when worn
KONG Extreme (XXL, Black)
The black KONG Extreme in the XXL size is, for most Great Danes, the single most useful toy you can own — and crucially it’s big enough for a giant’s mouth. It’s KONG’s toughest natural-rubber formula (the only KONG built for a serious chewer, not the softer red Classic), and it does two jobs at once: it’s a tough chew AND it’s treat-stuffable. Pack the hollow centre with kibble, xylitol-free peanut butter or a frozen mash and a few minutes of chewing becomes a 20–40 minute enrichment puzzle — exactly the low-effort mental workout that keeps a big indoor dog settled. Buy the XXL (for dogs ~85 lb+, which is every adult Great Dane); if the XXL is sold out, the XL is the next size down. Skip the Large and smaller — they’re a choke risk in a Dane’s mouth.
What we like
- Black Extreme rubber is the most durable KONG makes — and the XXL is sized for a giant’s mouth
- Stuff and freeze it to turn chewing into a 20-40 minute enrichment puzzle that settles a big indoor dog
- Does double duty as a mental-stimulation toy AND a fetch toy — flexes safely under the jaws
- Cheap enough to own two and rotate one straight from the freezer for instant enrichment
The catches
- Even the Extreme isn’t indestructible — a determined Dane can chew chunks off; inspect and replace when worn
- Hollow, not solid — a dog that targets the opening can stretch and tear it; stuff it, don’t let it gnaw one spot
- Buy the black Extreme in XXL (or XL), never the softer red Classic, puppy or smaller sizes — too soft or too small for a giant
Goughnuts MaXX Ring (Black)
Some Danes treat “tough” toys as a light snack. For that dog — and for the peace of mind of a giant owner — the Goughnuts MaXX ring is about as close to indestructible as natural rubber gets. It’s engineered by polymer and aerospace engineers specifically for the most aggressive, powerful chewers and carries a genuine lifetime replacement guarantee. The clever bit is the red inner safety layer: if you ever see red through the outer rubber, stop using it and claim a replacement. For a Great Dane the shape is the other win — the big open ring is easy for a huge mouth to grab, carry and gnaw, it’s great for tug and low fetch, and it’s far too large for even a Dane to swallow. If your Great Dane destroys everything else, start here.
What we like
- Among the most durable rubber toys made — built for the giant that wrecks everything else
- Lifetime replacement guarantee — if your dog destroys it, you get another
- Red inner layer is a built-in “stop using it” safety signal you can actually see
- Big open ring suits a Dane’s huge mouth for carrying, tug and low fetch — and is far too large to swallow
The catches
- The priciest pick here up front (~$40) — but the lifetime guarantee offsets it long-term
- Heavy, dense rubber; bounces less than the lighter Hurley or KONG for high fetch
- No treat cavity — it’s a pure chew, not an enrichment puzzle (own it alongside the KONG XXL)
Benebone Wishbone (Large, Bacon)
When a Great Dane settles in to gnaw for an hour rather than play, a tough nylon chew outlasts any rubber toy — and the Benebone Wishbone is the best of them. It’s flavoured all the way through with real bacon (not a sprayed coating), and the wishbone shape is purpose-built so a dog can paw-grip one arm and chew the other. Made in the USA. Buy the Large — Benebone’s biggest Wishbone — but treat it as the one pick to watch most closely on a giant: a huge Dane mouth can work even the Large, so supervise and retire it the moment it’s worn down small enough to get behind the back molars or swallow.
What we like
- Dense nylon lasts far longer than rubber for a Dane that wants to chew, not play
- Flavoured throughout with real bacon, so it keeps a food-motivated giant coming back to it
- Ergonomic wishbone shape lets a dog hold it with a paw and gnaw the other end — a satisfying solo outlet
- A legal chew that redirects a bored Dane away from your skirting boards, shoes and furniture
The catches
- Buy the Large (Benebone’s biggest) and supervise — a huge Dane mouth can still work it, so check the back-molar fit
- Nylon is hard — skip it for dogs that crack teeth on very hard chews (the thumbnail test)
- It’s a chew, not a fetch/puzzle toy — pair it with the Hurley or KONG XXL for active play and enrichment
Why sizing — not bite strength — is the whole game for a Great Dane
Walk into this knowing one thing and you’ll buy the right toys the first time: with a Great Dane, the danger is usually size, not ferocity. Plenty of giant-breed guides copy-paste the “powerful chewer” warning written for Pit Bulls and Rottweilers, but many Great Danes are actually fairly gentle chewers for their size — they’re the gentle giants of the dog world. What makes them genuinely hard to shop for is the opposite end of the problem: a Great Dane has one of the biggest mouths of any breed, so a toy that’s perfectly safe for a Labrador can be a choking or swallowing hazard in a Dane’s jaws — fully behind the back molars, or simply gone.
That flips the usual priority order. For most power chewers you shop for material toughness first. For a Great Dane you shop for size first, then toughness: a toy must be too big for a giant to fit fully in the mouth or swallow, and only then do you ask whether it’s tough enough to last. In practice that means buying the largest XL or XXL size of everything — the biggest KONG, the biggest West Paw, a ring far too large to swallow — and being honest that some toys marketed for “large dogs” simply aren’t big enough for a giant.
None of this means toughness doesn’t matter. A Great Dane still has the jaw size and leverage to shred a flimsy toy, and a bored, under-exercised Dane will chew to cope. So the real answer is a genuinely tough toy in the largest size, paired with enough (low-impact — Danes are prone to joint and bloat issues) exercise and a little enrichment. Get both right and the chewing has somewhere safe to go. A chew toy is just one piece of kit, though — see our full Great Dane gear guide for crates, harnesses and beds chosen to the same giant-breed standard.
What size chew toy does a Great Dane need? (Buy XL/XXL)
This is the most important section on the page, so we’ll be blunt: for a Great Dane, buy the biggest size a toy comes in — XL or XXL — almost without exception. A Great Dane is a giant breed: females run roughly 110–140 lb and males 140–175 lb, standing 28–34″ at the shoulder, with a mouth to match. Most toy sizing charts top out at “large” (think a 70 lb Lab); a Dane is in a class above that, so the “large” size is often the smallest we’d risk and the XXL is the safe default. The rule never changes: buy a toy big enough that your dog can’t fit it fully in the mouth or get it behind the back molars, and bin any chew worn down small enough to swallow. With a giant, when in doubt, size up.
| Toy | Buy this size for a Great Dane | Why |
|---|---|---|
| KONG Extreme | XXL (for dogs ~85 lb+); XL only if XXL is sold out | The XXL is sized for a giant’s mouth and gives the biggest treat cavity; the Large and smaller are a choke risk for a Dane |
| West Paw Hurley | Large (8.25″) — the biggest size made | West Paw’s largest Hurley; the smallest we’d hand a giant — supervise, and check the back-molar fit |
| Goughnuts MaXX | The MaXX (largest / most-aggressive-chewer ring) | A big open ring far too large for even a Dane to swallow — the safest shape for a giant mouth |
| Benebone Wishbone | Large — Benebone’s biggest Wishbone | The biggest they make; supervise closely on a giant and retire it as it wears down |
Puppies are the exception — a Great Dane puppy needs a softer puppy-formula toy in a smaller size while its teeth and jaw develop (and during teething, a frozen wet washcloth or a puppy KONG soothes sore gums), then graduates fast to the XL/XXL adult toys above. Danes grow enormously and quickly in the first year, so you’ll move up sizes several times — don’t keep a too-small puppy toy in rotation once it’s a choke risk. While you’re sizing gear, our what size crate for a Great Dane guide uses the same buy-for-the-grown-giant logic.
The choke and swallow hazard: why a “normal” toy is dangerous for a giant
This is the part the generic “best toys” listicles gloss over, and for a Great Dane it’s the most important safety point on the page. The single most common way a toy hurts a giant breed isn’t the dog chewing through tough rubber — it’s the dog getting a too-small toy stuck or swallowed. A ball that a 60 lb dog carries happily can be compressed to the back of a Dane’s throat; a chew that’s “large” for most dogs can slip behind a Dane’s back molars and lodge; a worn-down nub of a once-big toy becomes a swallowable chunk. Any of those can mean an airway emergency or an intestinal blockage and surgery.
So for a Great Dane, the safety hierarchy is simple and non-negotiable: big enough not to swallow comes before tough enough to last. Practically, that means:
- Buy the largest XL/XXL size of every toy, and treat “large” as the floor, not the target.
- Avoid round balls as a main toy unless they’re far too big to compress past the molars — a standard tennis ball or a “large” ball is a classic giant-breed choke hazard. (Tennis-ball felt also grinds enamel.)
- Retire worn toys early. The moment a toy has lost roughly a quarter of its size, or could now fit behind the molars, bin it — on a giant, the safe window closes sooner than you’d think.
- Skip anything that breaks into chunks — cheap plush (stuffing + squeakers), unravelling rope (swallowed strands), and rawhide all create exactly the swallowable pieces that send a Dane to the vet.
Is any toy truly indestructible for a Great Dane?
Here’s the honest answer the marketing pages won’t give you: no toy is truly indestructible — not for a Great Dane, not for any dog. Any brand that prints “indestructible” on the box is overselling, and the responsible makers know it; the best of them say “nearly indestructible” for a reason. What you’re actually shopping for is near-indestructible: a toy tough enough to last weeks or months instead of an afternoon, in a size big enough that a giant can’t swallow it, and — crucially — one that fails safely and slowly rather than splitting into a chunk your dog can swallow.
For a Great Dane the good news is that a gentle giant often isn’t the toy-destroying machine a Pit Bull or Rottweiler can be — so a properly sized tough toy frequently lasts a long time. But you still plan for the dog that chews hard, which is why the durability guarantee matters (more below) and why supervision is the safety net underneath everything. The closest things to indestructible we’d trust with a Dane are the Goughnuts MaXX ring (engineered for the most aggressive chewers, lifetime guarantee, with a red inner layer that warns you when to retire it, and far too big to swallow) and the West Paw Zogoflex Hurley (replace-or-refund guaranteed). The KONG Extreme XXL and a dense nylon chew round out the kit. The goal isn’t a magic toy that never wears — it’s a tough, correctly-sized toy plus a habit of inspecting and replacing before a worn toy becomes a hazard.
Durable rubber vs nylon: which is right for your Great Dane?
Almost every genuinely tough dog toy is made of one of two materials, and they do different jobs. For a Great Dane, getting this right — in the right giant size — is most of the battle.
| Material | Best for | Pros | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural rubber (KONG Extreme, West Paw, Goughnuts) | Play, fetch, treat-stuffing and any chewer you worry about teeth with — the best all-round fit for most Great Danes | Flexible — gives under the jaws instead of cracking a tooth; bounces and floats for low-impact fetch; many are treat-stuffable for enrichment; the toughest (Goughnuts, West Paw) are guaranteed against destruction; safer if a piece does come off | A determined giant can still tear chunks off over time — inspect and replace when worn |
| Nylon (Benebone, Nylabone) | Danes that want to gnaw for an hour rather than play | Far longer-lasting than rubber; flavoured chews keep a food-motivated giant engaged; great solo boredom outlet | Hard — can chip a tooth; never give a chew harder than you can dent with a thumbnail; buy the largest size and supervise closely on a giant |
The simple rule we use: rubber for play, fetch and enrichment; nylon for dogs that just want to chew. Most Danes do a bit of both, which is why our picks include three rubber toys (Hurley, KONG, Goughnuts) and one nylon chew (Benebone) — own one of each and you’ve covered fetch, treat-stuffing enrichment, and long solo gnawing. Steer clear of plush, felt and rope toys as a Great Dane’s main toy: a Dane shreds them quickly, and the squeakers, stuffing and swallowed rope strands inside are exactly the bits that send a giant to the vet. And be careful with the very hardest nylon, antlers and real bones — they don’t wear down, but a giant can crack a big chewing tooth on them (see the thumbnail test below).
Are KONGs big enough for a Great Dane?
This is one of the most-asked questions, and the answer comes down to one word: size. A KONG is one of the best toys you can buy for a Great Dane — but only if you buy the right size, and the standard Large that most owners reach for is too small for a giant. For a Great Dane you want the XXL (KONG’s biggest, made for dogs roughly 85 lb and up — which is every adult Dane), stepping down to the XL only if the XXL is sold out. The Large and smaller are a genuine choke risk in a Dane’s mouth.
Two more details decide how well it holds up. First, get the right formula: buy the black Extreme, not the red “Classic” or the puppy versions — only the black Extreme is made from KONG’s toughest natural rubber. Second, use it as designed. Get those right and the KONG Extreme XXL earns its spot for two reasons that map exactly onto what a Great Dane needs. First, the tough rubber flexes under the jaws instead of cracking like a hard chew, giving a gentle giant a safe outlet. Second — and this is the part that makes it so useful — it’s treat-stuffable: stuff it with kibble and xylitol-free peanut butter and freeze it, and a few minutes of chewing becomes a 20–40 minute enrichment puzzle that settles a big indoor dog. The one weak point is that it’s hollow, so a Dane that fixates on the opening can eventually stretch and tear the rubber there; the fix is to stuff it rather than letting your dog gnaw one spot, inspect it regularly, and retire it once you see deep tears or missing chunks. Buy two, keep one stuffed in the freezer, and rotate. So: yes, KONGs are great for a Great Dane — in the XXL.
The durability guarantees that matter
For a giant breed a durability guarantee is worth real money — it’s the maker betting their own product survives, and on a big dog it’s reassuring to know a worn or destroyed toy gets replaced. Two of our picks lead the field:
- Goughnuts — lifetime guarantee. Designed by engineers for aggressive chewers, and if your dog chews through it, Goughnuts replaces it. The red inner safety layer doubles as a wear indicator: if you ever see red through the outer rubber, stop using it and claim a replacement. For a Great Dane that destroys everything, this is the most chew-per-dollar you’ll find — and the big ring is far too large for even a giant to swallow.
- West Paw — one-time replace-or-refund. West Paw’s “Love It” guarantee will replace or refund a Zogoflex toy once per household if your dog destroys it — a strong signal of how durable they expect it to be.
Other tough-toy brands worth knowing also stand behind their products with lifetime-style guarantees — Ruff Dawg is another. The two of our picks without a destruction guarantee — the KONG Extreme XXL and the Benebone — earn their place on raw toughness, the right giant size, function and price: the KONG is cheap enough to rotate two and doubles as your enrichment toy, and the Benebone is the longest-lasting nylon chew we’d trust. But if your Great Dane is a true wrecking machine, the guaranteed toys give you the most chew for your money over a year. And remember the honest truth above: even “lifetime guaranteed” means near-indestructible, not magic — supervise and inspect regardless, and size up for a giant.
Chew-toy safety rules for a Great Dane
With a dog this big, how you use a toy matters as much as which one you buy. None of this is complicated — just non-negotiable for a giant:
- Buy XL/XXL, and bin worn toys. Anything that fits fully inside the mouth, behind the molars or could be swallowed is a choking and blockage risk. Buy the biggest size, and retire any chew worn down small enough to swallow — earlier than you would for a smaller dog.
- Supervise new toys. Watch the first few sessions with any new toy to see how your Great Dane attacks it and whether it holds up. No toy is 100% indestructible — the makers say so too.
- Inspect before every chew. Look for cracks, deep tears, exposed inner layers (the Goughnuts red signal), or chunks gone. Retire a toy the moment it’s compromised or it’s lost about a quarter of its size.
- One-piece construction only. Skip toys with ribbons, bows, glued-on eyes, or small detachable parts — a giant can strip and swallow them in seconds. Stuffing and squeakers from cheap plush are classic blockage causes.
- Skip the tooth-crackers. No antlers, real bones, hooves or rock-hard nylon — slab fractures of the big chewing teeth are expensive. Pass the thumbnail test first.
- Avoid the classic giant-breed hazards. Balls a Dane can compress to the back of the throat (a standard tennis ball or a “large” ball is too small), thin rope/tug toys (swallowed strands cause blockages), rawhide, and cheap plush — all a waste of money and a real risk for a giant.
- Use food puzzles safely. Stuff KONGs and feed puzzle toys with the dog’s own kibble (and only xylitol-free peanut butter — xylitol is toxic to dogs); supervise the first few sessions with any new puzzle.
Follow those and a good toy stays a safe outlet for a gentle giant instead of a vet bill. The same “built and sized for the breed, used sensibly” thinking runs through the rest of our kit — our best harness for a Great Dane and best dog bed for a Great Dane guides pick gear sized and built for a true giant.
Best chew toys for a Great Dane: common questions
What are the best chew toys for a Great Dane?
The best chew toys for a Great Dane are the genuinely tough ones, bought in the largest XL/XXL size for a giant mouth. Our four picks are the West Paw Zogoflex Hurley (Large) (pliable-yet-tough rubber that flexes instead of cracking, bounces and floats for fetch, replace-or-refund guaranteed), the black KONG Extreme (XXL) (KONG’s toughest rubber in a giant-mouth size, and treat-stuffable so it’s a chew AND an enrichment puzzle), the Goughnuts MaXX ring (heaviest-duty rubber, lifetime guarantee, with a red safety indicator and far too big to swallow) and the Benebone Wishbone (Large) (long-lasting bacon-flavoured nylon chew). Rubber for play and enrichment, nylon for hard gnawing — own one of each, buy the biggest size, and supervise.
What size toys for a Great Dane?
Buy the biggest size a toy comes in — XL or XXL — almost without exception. A Great Dane is a giant breed (females ~110–140 lb, males ~140–175 lb) with one of the biggest mouths of any breed, so most “large” toys are a genuine choke and swallow risk. For the KONG Extreme buy the XXL (XL only if XXL is sold out); for the West Paw Hurley the Large (its biggest size, and the smallest we’d hand a giant); for Benebone the Large; and the Goughnuts MaXX ring is a big open ring far too large to swallow. The rule never changes: the toy must be too big to fit fully in the mouth, slip behind the back molars, or be swallowed — and you bin any chew worn down small enough to swallow. With a giant, when in doubt, size up.
Are KONGs big enough for a Great Dane?
Only in the right size. A KONG is one of the best toys for a Great Dane, but the standard Large most owners buy is too small for a giant’s mouth and a choke risk. For a Great Dane buy the XXL (KONG’s biggest, made for dogs roughly 85 lb and up — every adult Dane), stepping down to the XL only if the XXL is sold out. Get the formula right too: buy the black Extreme (KONG’s toughest rubber), not the softer red Classic or puppy versions. The tough rubber flexes under the jaws instead of cracking, and because it’s treat-stuffable you can stuff and freeze it to turn chewing into a 20–40 minute enrichment puzzle. Use it as designed (stuff it rather than letting your dog gnaw one spot), inspect it, and retire it when you see deep tears.
What are the best toys for giant breeds?
For any giant breed — Great Dane, Mastiff, Saint Bernard, Irish Wolfhound — the best toys are made of the toughest natural rubber or dense nylon, in the largest XL/XXL size, ideally with a destruction guarantee. The over-riding rule is size: the toy must be too big for a huge mouth to swallow or wedge behind the molars. Our giant-breed shortlist: the Goughnuts MaXX ring (engineered for aggressive chewers, lifetime guarantee, far too big to swallow), the black KONG Extreme XXL (toughest KONG rubber, plus treat-stuffable enrichment), the West Paw Zogoflex Hurley (Large) (replace-or-refund guaranteed) and the Benebone Wishbone (Large) (longest-lasting nylon chew). Avoid plush, rope, felt and balls a giant can compress as a main toy, skip rock-hard chews that fail the thumbnail test, and inspect and replace worn toys early.
Is rubber or nylon better for a Great Dane?
Most Great Danes do best with mostly rubber. Rubber (KONG Extreme, West Paw, Goughnuts) flexes under the jaws, so it’s gentler on teeth and great for play, low-impact fetch and treat-stuffing enrichment — and it’s safer if a piece does come off. Nylon (Benebone, Nylabone) is harder and lasts longer, which suits a Dane that wants to gnaw for an hour — but it can chip a tooth, so buy the largest size, supervise closely, and avoid any chew so hard you can’t dent it with a thumbnail. Whichever you choose, the giant-breed rule comes first: buy the biggest XL/XXL size so it can’t be swallowed. Many owners keep one of each: rubber to play, fetch and chew safely, nylon for long solo gnawing.
Do Great Danes chew a lot, and what’s safe?
Many Great Danes are surprisingly gentle chewers for their size — they’re the gentle giants of the dog world — but it varies by dog, and a bored or under-exercised Dane will chew to cope. The risk with a Great Dane is less about freak jaw strength and more about its enormous mouth: a too-small toy is a choke or swallow hazard. Safe means a genuinely tough toy in the largest XL/XXL size (rubber like a KONG Extreme XXL, West Paw Hurley or Goughnuts MaXX, or a Benebone nylon chew), one-piece construction, supervised, and inspected and replaced as it wears. Pair the right toy with enough low-impact exercise and a little enrichment (a stuffed, frozen KONG) and a Dane’s chewing has somewhere safe to go.
How do I stop my Great Dane destroying its toys and chewing the furniture?
Two things. First, give it toys it actually can’t easily destroy or swallow: tough natural rubber and nylon in the largest XL/XXL size (a KONG Extreme XXL, West Paw Hurley, Goughnuts MaXX or Benebone), ideally with a durability guarantee, and skip the cheap plush, rope and rawhide. Second — and this is usually the real fix — attack the boredom and under-exercise that drive destructive chewing: a Great Dane needs daily (low-impact — mind the joints and bloat) exercise plus a little enrichment (feed a meal from a stuffed, frozen KONG, use a puzzle feeder), rotate toys to keep them novel, supervise, and crate or confine the dog when you can’t watch it (see our crate-size guide). A well-exercised, mentally satisfied Dane with the right oversized toys rarely turns to the furniture.
